Henry howson



(N0 Model.)

H. HOWSON, PROOBSS OF MAKING COMPOSITION BEARINGS. No. 476,145. y Patented May 3l, 1892.

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f/ IMX/lm we Noms pz'rsns co4, Puma-umu, wAsNmsmN, n, c.

.)To all whom t may concern: Beitknown that I, HENRY HovvsoN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident ot v lowing is a specification.

UNITED STATES 5 PATENTV OFFICE..

HOLMES FIBRE "GRAPHITE MANUFACTURING ILLINOIS.

COMPANY, OF CHICAGO,

PROCESS oF MAKING coMPoslTloN BEARINGS.'

VtSPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 476,145, dated May 31, 1892.

j Application lcd March 9. 1892. Serial No. 424,291. (No specimens.)

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented 1, certain Improvements in the Process of Mak-i ing Composition Bearings, of which the fol-i The object ot' my invention is to form a? bearing'of lubricating material and binding material compressed into form that wille fectually withstand severe strains and shocks, the bearing being especially adapted for caraxle journals, stamping-machine journals, and i to bearings generally which are subjected to j pressure and also subjected to severe shocks I and strains.

The compound I prefer to use in carrying out my invention is a mixture of ber and plumbago, combined with a suitable binder, preferably a drying-oil or semi-dryingoil, which will be resinied by the action of heat, to which the bearing is subjected during its manufacture; but it will be understood that different materials may be used than those mentioned-for instance, soapstone can be substituted for plurnbago and other bers may be substituted for divided Wood berand that any of the well-known fluid-binders may be used in place of the resiniedbil binder.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a sectional view of the mold, showing in diagram my improved process of manufacturing composition bearings. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the mold and bearings. Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view.

In the specication I willuse the term lubricating material to mean plumbago, soapstone, or equivalent material, and supporting material to mean ber or other material which will act as a support for thelubricating material.

I will now describe my process in connection with ber and plumbago and an oil-binder, as the best possible results are obtained by using this composition.

The plumbago is mixed with nely-divided berrby stirring it with the ber in a liquid solution, simply using Water. I preferably make several batches ot this material, one

batch in which the proportion of plumbago to ber is very great. In fact, in someinstances the plumbago may be in a pure state. The next batch may have a greater proportion of plumbago to ber. The next batch may 1 have the plumbago and ber in the same proportion, and the fourth batch may have the ber in excess of plumbago, and the fifth or last batch may be all ber.

I first place in the mold a layer ct of ber. Then I place upon this a layer b of a compound consisting of ber and plumbago in which the ber is in excess. Then next to this I place a layer c of material in which the plumbago and ber are of equalparts, and upon this I place a layer cl in which the portion of plumbago is in excess of the ber, and upon the latter I place a final layer of either pure plumbago or plumbago with a small quantity of ber.

In the bottom of the mold A is the drainage-plate B, and in one end of the mold is a plunger D, and closing the mold is a cap E, secured to the body Ain any suitable manner.

When the body of the mold is filled, as described above, the cap E is placed in position and the plunger forced into the mold, compressing the material therein to the density required, the liquid escaping from the material through the perforated plate, the supporting material acting as a ilte'r, preventing the escape of the lubricating material from the mold. When ber is used, which is the preferred material for use as a supporting medium, the ber of one layer will become entangled with the ber of another layer, as the liquid has a tendency to carry the ber with it. Consequently the several sections become interlocked under the heavy pressure and a bearing is made from a homogeneous mass having a greater proportion of lubricating material at the face than at the back and at the same time having a greater proportion, by preference, of supporting material at the back than lubricating material.

While I have described a bearing made from ve layers of material, it will be understood that it can loe made from two or more layers, depending upon the Work for which the bearing is intended and the thickness of the bearing. I am thus enabled to produce a bearing having a good lubricating-surface supported and strengthened by the backing formed of fiber, which is, however, a part of the bearing and is so intimately mixed with the plumbago and fiber at the bearingsurface that any severe strains or shocks which would under ordinary circumstances crack and destroy the bearing-surface will be taken up and sustained by the backing of ber, the latter being tough and strong and possessing a certain amount of elasticity.

In some instances the order in which the layers may be placed in the mold may bey reversed, the plumbago being placed in the mold first and the-backing-Iiber last.

By the term bearing as I use it is meant any machine, element, or structure which is subjected to friction, and it will be understood, While I have shown simply one form of l n facturing composition bearings, said process mold for carrying my invention into effect, other molds may be'used and the bearing may be shaped differently from the bearings shown in Figs. 2 and 3, these views being simply shown to illustrate one form of bearing.

I claim as my invention- 1. The process herein described of manufacturing bearings, said process consisting in placing in a mold two or more layers of mate.- rial, one of said layers having a greater proportion of lubricating material than the other, and compressing the material in a mold to form a solid homogeneous mass, in which the proportion of lubricating material to sustaining material is greater at the face than at the back, substantially as described.

2. The process herein described of manulback of the bearing will act as a filter and prevent the escape of the lubricating material during the compression of the mass, substantially as specified.

3. The process ,herein described of manu- `iacturing composition bearings, the process consisting in first placing a series of layers of `lubricating and supporting material in the lmold in a semi-fluid state, compressing the i material in the mold, so as to unite the layers and to remove the liquid, drying the composition thus formed, impregnating the mass with a fluid binder, and drying the composition, so as to set, solidify, and harden the mass, substantially as described.

4. The process herein described of manuconsisting in first placing aseries of layers of liber and alubricating material, such as plumbago, in a suitable mold, securing the composition in the mold, and subjecting the composition to an end pressure, so as to make the ibers in one section entangle with the fibers ot' the adjoining section to form a solid homogeneous mass, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence o two subscribing Witnesses.

HENRY HOWSON. Witnesses:

JNO. E. PARKER, Jos. H. KLEIN. 

